What's an ICC Profile?
ICC profiles are files that contain the color characteristics (basically tables of numbers) of the device they are created for - whether it be a monitor, printer or scanner. The profile allows the device to reproduce the colors of a graphic as accurately as possible within the gamut of that device. ICC profiles for your scanner, monitor and printer are essential for color management.
ICC profiles are instrumental in converting RGB images into CMYK or vice versa. One misnomer is the way to convert an image in Photoshop from RGB to CMYK would be to pick Image, Mode, CMYK. This is wrong. Ever convert an RGB image this way and it looks washed out? The correct way (if you are using CS and above) is to select Edit, Convert to Profile, and select the CMYK Profile you want to use.
If you are not using color management, then you are shooting yourself in the foot when it comes to getting good color. I have heard many people say they don't need color management. I have seen those same people sit at their computer and manually adjust their images, sometimes for hours, to get the color right on their little desktop printer. Then they are aghast when they print that same image on another printer or take it to an outside service and it comes out washed out or over saturated. Will color management make this image print the same on all printers? No. Different devices have their own gamut. What it will do is make the image more reproducible on that other printer and outside service.
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